The Culture of the Japanese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Culture of the Japanese - Essay Example by Emperor Jimmu (United States Department of State, 2011). All rulers since are accepted to be his immediate relatives, however researchers have addressed at any rate the initial nine, with understanding just being reached on Emperor Sujin, who managed in the third or fourth century (Yoshida, 2007). Sovereigns, for the entirety of their title and force, extremely just administered in the field of legislative issues, while warlords and blue-bloods held the real force in the nation up until 1868; in the years up to World War II, the Emperor Hirohito was constrained by military pioneers without using any force himself (Yoshida, 2007). Indeed, even today, the magnificent family holds next to zero political force and is once in a while, if at any time, found out in the open (Yoshida, 2007). They are as yet held in high regard, however not at all like different governments, don't show up in broad daylight. Verifiably, there are two headliners that prodded the way of life of Japan. These w ere the presentation of the Chinese composing framework in 405 A.D. what's more, the presentation of Buddhism in the sixth century (United States Department of State, 2011). It is a tribute to their presentation that both unique components can in any case be found in the way of life of Japanese individuals, even in current occasions. It must be noted, in any case, that given its incredible breadth it is difficult to compose on all the components of culture, both generally and what is found in the nation today; volumes have been composed on these very subjects that scarcely start to expose what's underneath. Hence, five fundamentals will be investigated in detail, including the language of Japan and expressions of the human experience found in Japan, both performing and visual, how Japanese society treats and perspectives relationships and families, and imagine a scenario where any religions are rehearsed all through the nation. Pre-World War II Japan versus Post-World War II Japan.. . While having experienced radical changes in pretty much every viewpoint since World War II, the Japanese have still figured out how to clutch old conventions and bits of their way of life that makes them extraordinary. Not everything was lost to give up in 1945, for as a people, they figured out how to pull themselves up as a culture and raise themselves from a huge level of devastated urban areas to a country that today deserves admiration. The Japanese individuals seem to appreciate straightforwardness and inflexibility while holding fast to complexities that would make those raised outside of the nation shake their heads in wonder. Their language holds more than 1,945 characters, and one little zone characterizes the â€Å"standard† utilization of the language, while tongues are utilized uninhibitedly. While pushing ahead as far as equivalent help under established law, the male is as yet considered the leader of the family unit and ladies are relied upon to assume the requests of the family unit, including being the essential parent in bringing up the kids and dealing with any older guardians (from either side of the family) after marriage. Marriage all by itself even seems to have an unbendingly characterized set of boundaries, with people of qualified age declining to date openly yet seeming glad to be set up with others in their system of companions, and relationships because of the lady being pregnant are getting typical. Indeed, even their religions seem straightforward but then perplexing, as two religions, with a third that is polished however not by most of the nation, can characterize significant bits of life occasions. Once more, this nation shows up, by all accounts, to have a culture of similarity, however underneath it lays rich customs and legacy that, while pushing ahead with present day times, Japanese individuals are not ready to relinquish.

Relection on Total knee replacement surgery Research Paper

Relection on Total knee substitution medical procedure - Research Paper Example After the knee is open, a four-advance strategy is attempted to have the knee totally supplanted with metallic segments, some plastic spacers and catch, to improve the typical usefulness of the knee joints. The initial step of the knee substitution medical procedure involves the expulsion of the harmed knee segments, where the harmed knee ligament on the outside of both tibia and fibula are expelled, along with some sensible measure of the fundamental bone (Scuderi and Tria, 2002). This denotes the arrangement of the knee, for an absolute substitution, since the effectively harmed parts are evacuated and the knee is currently prepared to take a substitution. This progression is trailed by situating the metal inserts. Here, the parts of the knee; the ligament and the bone surface, are currently supplanted with some metal segments that reproduce the outside of the joint (Bellemans, Ries and Victor, 2005). During this substitution, the metal parts, which have been set up to suit the reg ular knee segments, are either established or squeezed to fit into the staying bone segment. The subsequent stage that follows the situating of the metal inserts is the reemerging of the patella (the knee top), which requires the knee cup to be cut and afterward reemerged with a plastic catch, which won't slam into the metallic embeds that have been embedded on the knee (Scuderi and Tria, 2002). Be that as it may, as clarified by the specialist, contingent upon the case and degree of the knee harm, the knee top probably won't be reemerged. The last advance of the Total knee substitution medical procedure is to put the spacers. This progression involves putting some clinical evaluation plastic spacers between the metal parts that have been embedded on the knee, to make a smooth floating surface (Bellemans, Ries and Victor, 2005). My inclination during the strategy was that the patient may neglect to work completely after the knee is supplanted, on the grounds that the activity was be ing attempted for a multi year elderly person. I likewise felt that the Total knee substitution medical procedure was not an unpredictable kind of activity, in spite of the fact that it required a high level of focus and exactness, in case the metal implantations done on the knee neglects to fit precisely and along these lines lead to more knee issues. The exercise that I gained from the Total knee substitution medical procedure method is that; it is a surgery that is perfect with all ages. Also I discovered that the Total knee substitution medical procedure isn't consistently done to all individuals, and that a few parts of the system relies upon the patient, their circumstance, and the degree to which their knee is harmed either through injury or joint inflammation. While the Total knee substitution medical procedure fundamentally follows a four-advance method, I understood that the last advance of the surgery, alluded to as spacer inclusion, is certifiably not a required or gener al advance in the Total knee substitution medical procedure, since it tends to be precluded for certain patients. Another important exercise that I get the hang of with respect to the Total knee substitution medical procedure is that; the clinical history of the patient is principal in deciding their capability for the methodology. This is on the grounds that, the clinical history encourages the specialist to evaluate the quality of the patient

Hot town

Hot town Mmm, its a hot one today (93oF, or 38.9oC for those of you who use a logical degree system)! Days like this make me glad for two things: 1) my beautiful polka-dotted sundress which keeps me cool walking to work on hot days, and 2) my beautiful air conditioner which keeps me cool at home: (Macgregor windows have screens that cant be removed rather sensibly, since my window is 15 stories up and falling out is not up there on my list of things to try this summer so Adam rigged up a foam ducting system so our air conditioner thinks its outside. I love engineers.) Katharine asked a great set of questions in my last entry about the bio department: I might be interested in doing Biology at MIT so I have to ask how are the professors? I know you always have your good ones and your bad ones, but is there a general teaching style that most professors have? Do you have to do p-sets for Biology classes and if not, what is the homework like? Is it hard to get an internship during the summer? Is the work collaborative and how are the labs? And are there tips you would like to give me to make it much easier on me? Okay, Im out of dorky questions :). On the whole, my biology professors have been very amusing people. I actually started writing down things they said in class, because some of the stuff they say is just too funny. Most faculty members teach the same class(es) every year, and they develop a familiarity with the material, as well as an understanding of topics students find difficult. You also dont realize it until youre an upperclassman, but most of the professors who teach the core biology classes are Very Important People in the world of biology research I read quotes by Tyler Jacks (7.013) in major biology journals all the time; Eric Lander teaches 7.012 and is one of three people basically in charge of the Human Genome Project. David Bartel, who teaches 7.05, is a major spokesperson for the RNA world theory and just won a prize from the National Academy of Sciences. I could go on. But that would take a really long time. Basically, the professors who teach the core classes are amazing scientists who also enjoy educating the next generation. (David Page, who taught 7.03 my year, showed us a gorgeous crystal award he had just won and told us that his freshman year biology teacher had written him a congratulatory note about it. He told us that he expected to be doing the same for us in a few years. Um, no pressure?) For some biology classes (mostly the first few cores, 7.01x and 7.03), problem sets are required and calculated into the grade. For most upper-level classes, problem sets are given, but are optional, and are not included in the final grade. (I say optional because doing the problem sets is hands down the best way to prepare for the exams usually 3 or 4 that are worth your whole grade. So everybody does the problem sets.) Its definitely not hard to get an internship for the summer. First, there are always more biology UROPs available than there are students who want to stay on campus for the summer, so its extremely easy to get a research job on campus. Moreover, there are a lot of biotech and pharmaceutical companies in Cambridge (Novartis and Biogen are visible from campus), and many of them ask for interns over the summer. I mean, MIT has one of the best biology departments in the country, so pharmaceutical and biotech companies all over the country are very happy to snap up well-trained and intelligent undergrads for summer internships. The labs in the biology department are a lot of work, but theyre made a lot easier by the outstanding faculty and staff who administer the labs. (Two of the people who run 7.02, the introductory lab, have their own fan club on thefacebook.com.) 7.02 is about teaching as many molecular biology techniques as its possible to learn in one semester (believe me, its more than you think); Project Lab is the advanced lab, which is all about having you pick your own project and basically be a grad student on training wheels. My Super-Stealth Advice for Biology Success: 1. Get a UROP as early as possible. I started my UROP before I had taken any labs, and therefore was taught all the techniques in a comfortable, grade-free environment. And looked like a freakin genius when I finally did take the labs and knew everything already. 2. Go to lecture. Self-explanatory. Far too many people whine about their grades in course 7 classes, but dont go to class. Hello? 3. Read the book. No, really. I just started really reading textbooks this past term, and was amazed at how helpful this tactic was for raising my GPA. Learn from my idiocy. 4. Use the resources available. Biology professors fall all over themselves to be accessible to their students office hours, tutoring sessions, emails, phone numbers take advantage of their generosity. One last thing Degree requirements for the SB in biology, and General Institute Requirements because, unfortunately, we course 7 majors are not so lucky as to escape the physics reqirement. Any more questions send them my way!

Before You Buy a German Dictionary

German dictionaries come in many shapes, sizes, price ranges, and language variations. They range in format from online and CD-ROM software to large multivolume print editions resembling an encyclopedia. Smaller editions may have only 5,000 to 10,000 entries, while larger hardcover versions offer over 800,000 entries. You get what you pay for: the more words, the more money. Choose wisely! But its not the mere amount of words alone that make a good German dictionary. There are a few other factors that need to be considered. Here are a few tips on how to pick the right dictionary for your German learning. Consider Your Needs Not everyone needs a German dictionary with 500,000 entries, but the typical paperback dictionary has only 40,000 entries or less. Youll get very frustrated using a dictionary thats not up to your needs. Note that a dual-language dictionary with 500,000 entries is actually only 250,000 for each language. Dont get a dictionary with fewer than 40,000 entries. One Language or Two Monolingual, German-only dictionaries offer several disadvantages, especially when you are just at the beginning of your German learning. For intermediate and advanced learners they might serve as additional dictionaries to broaden ones ability to circumscribe certain things. While they usually contain more entries they are also very heavy and impractical for daily use. Those are dictionaries for serious language students, not for the average German learners. If you are a beginner I strongly recommend that you get a German-English dictionary to be very clear about what a word might mean. Take a look at a few Buying It At Home or in Germany At times I have come across German learners who bought their dictionaries in Germany because they were simply very expensive in their home country. The problem often was that those were English-German dictionaries, meaning they were made for Germans who were learning English. Which had some huge disadvantages. As the user was German they didnt need to write the German articles or plural forms into the dictionary which made those books simply useless for German learners. So be aware of such issues and pick a dictionary that was written for learners of German as a foreign language (Deutsch als Fremdsprache). Software or Print Versions Even a few years ago there was no substitute for a real print dictionary you could hold in your hands, but nowadays online German dictionaries are the way to go. They are extremely helpful and can save you a lot of time. They also have one huge advantage over any paper dictionary: They weigh absolutely nothing. In the age of the smartphone, youll always have some of the best dictionaries right at hand wherever you are. The advantages of those dictionaries are just amazing. Nevertheless, about.com offers its own English-German glossaries and links to many online German dictionaries that can still be quite helpful. Dictionaries for Special Purposes Sometimes a regular German dictionary, no matter how good it may be, just isnt adequate for the job. Thats when a medical, technical, business, scientific or other industrial-strength dictionary is called for. Such specialized dictionaries tend to be expensive, but they fill a need. Some are available online. The Essentials Whatever kind of dictionary you decide on, make sure it has the basics: the article, which means the gender of nouns, noun plurals, genitive endings of nouns, the cases for the German prepositions and at least 40,000 entries. Cheap print dictionaries often lack such information and are not worth buying. Most online dictionaries even provide you with audio samples of how a word is pronounced. Its advisable to look for a natural pronunciation like e.g. linguee. Original Article by: Hyde Flippo Edited, 23rd of June 2015 by: Michael Schmitz

Should We Need A New Technology - 1196 Words

Emmanuela Noel Prof. Christakis November ,9, 2014 Dahli Lama Essay In the essay by Dhali Lama, Lama talks about how our morality should have something to do with our advancements in technology, and how we should use moral components such as compassion when we make a new development or technology. New technology such as cloning, genetic plant modification, and changing the DNA of a human embryo in order to get the ideal baby can have some long lasting effects on us, because each and everyone of them has some sort of potential dangers of their technologies. When we apply these technologies we should let our moral compass decide if we are going to far with what we are doing, and if it can have a lasting affect on us in the near†¦show more content†¦The other type of cloning Reproductive cloning. Although reproductive cloning can help parents with no eggs and sperm create genetically related children, reproductive cloning will foster an understanding that children are designed and replicated for certain traits. This means that the clone would be created to have the good/ desired traits from the original.This also means that the people who can afford cloning would use it to enhance their baby with good genes and take out all of the bad and less desirable traits. while the people who can not afford to do that would be left inferior to the designed babies. This would create two different types of humans because one is genetically superior than the other. Also this type of cloning would diminish the idea of uniqueness. The clones would start to have the same certain characteristics, and would probably start thinking the same way. Is is when we should take regard of both short-term and long-term consequences( Lama. P.140). Although cloning can be a good thing, we should know when how far we are willing to take it. When it comes to cloning

Natural Resources and Economic Growth Free Essays

The research of the impact of natural resources on economic growth is relevant because everyone who not only economists and financiers care problems of the economy through society anyway in their daily life. This research is controversial because while some believe that many countries without natural resources could develop their economy, others believe that natural resource is the most important part of the development of the economy. Consequently, there are a lot of data, studies and books about natural resource and economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Resources and Economic Growth or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Five research articles†1 are used for this study paper so that save time and understand points exactly. These articles are searched from â€Å"internet source†2 filtering by citation and up to date information and authors with appropriate credentials for the subject matter. During the collecting process, where was a challenge that some of the most cited articles were published many years ago and not full publication. However, there was enough information which were possible for the study. Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and forces etc. On earth it includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation, crops and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and components that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources. There is much debate worldwide over natural resource allocations, this is particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages (depletion and overconsumption of resources) but also because the exportation of natural resources is the basis. Consequently, I chose this topic. The following articles were not enough for my research fo far I have read five articles, further, I will read a book and from three to four articles. I will use all of these ideas and researches and results for my paper. The aim of this paper is to assess, theoretically and empirically, the relevance of several forms of capital on economic growth in certain small economies that are dependent upon tourism or natural resources. The main goal of this study is to critically analyse the similarities and differences between the relevance of human capital and natural capital in small economies that are affected by the â€Å"natural resource curse† in comparison to countries that are dependent upon tourism as a source of revenue. Primarily, natural capital seems to produce negative impulses in the majority of resource-dependent economies, especially those that are dependent upon resources that are easily substituted or have prices that are highly prone to influence from external shock. When observing similarities and differences between the resource-dependent and tourism-dependent countries, we find that natural capital does not significantly negatively influence economic growth in the tourism-dependent economies. The only exceptions that we found were countries that either had a highly diverse economy or had resources whose price was relatively stable in the international market and thus less prone to shock. The main policy recommendation based on the results of our empirical analysis is that countries should attempt to diversify their economy by focusing on more than one key determinant of economic growth. Focusing on only one key segment of the economy a strategy that involves a significant amount of risk, especially the volatility of the products in the international market and possible shocks that these small economies cannot predict nor can they in any way compensate for the occurrence of such shocks. Thus, as our empirical research suggests, developing a more diverse economy signifcantly reduces the potential risks of foreign shock, which is highly important for the economies that we have observed. In this paper we authors stock of two decades of empirical research examining the existence of the natural resource curse. Their results also suggest that three aspects of study design are especially effective in explaining the differences in results across studies: including an interaction between natural resources and institutional quality, controlling for the level of investment activity, and distinguishing between different types of natural resources. According to authors suggestion that, taken together, the previous empirical studies on the topic imply a negligible effect of natural resources on economic growth on average. Our findings also provide certain support to the literature demonstrating that natural resources tend to crowd out investment activity. They found that it matters for the results whether primary studies control for the investment level, include an interaction term between institutional quality and natural resource richness, and distinguish between different types of natural resources. Well-functioning institutions eliminate the potentially negative effect of natural resources, as they reduce the extent of rent-seeking activities often associated with point-source natural resources. Finally, they also fnd that when natural resource richness is measured solely on the basis of oil endowment (and not using other substances such as diamonds or precious metals), support for the natural resource curse is less common. This result highlights the role of the measurement of natural resource richness, as different natural resources have different degrees of â€Å"technical appropriability†. The paper proceeds as follows. In section 2, we deduce an estimated growth model, where: labour and capital efficiency are determined by several variables, including natural resources and institutional quality; the first order condition for maximising profit in relation to labour is used to evaluate the contribution of the variables to real wage growth per worker and thus to productivity growth; the cross-section dimension is added to formalise the final panel model specification of the wage equation, which we differentiate according to the estimation procedures; and the wage equation is also used to test conditional convergence. Comparing these results with the inconsistent pooled OLS estimates, fixed country and time effects dismiss the significant negative effect of diffuse resources on capital efficiency and the impacts of resources on labour efficiency, which are negative if they are concentrated and positive if they are diffuse. Authors conclude that natural resources have a positive impact on economic growth through the increased capital efficiency of concentrated resources, thus dismissing the hypothesis of a resource curse. Finally, they decomposed the estimated economic growth for eight selected countries in terms of resource abundance and growth. Even though only concentrated natural resources have a significant and positive effect on growth via capital efficiency, we also measured the other contributions of natural resources to growth. To measure natural resource abundance, they use data on rents compiled by the World Bank. Their main results do not seem to corroborate the existence of a â€Å"resource curse† among transition countries. In fact, most of their measures of resource abundance have a positive effect on economic growth. These results hold even for point-resources which are generally said to be the most detrimental to growth. On the contrary, agriculture seems to have a negative effect on growth. These results are robust to the inclusion of additional control variables widely used in the literature.Changing the measure of economic reform (price liberalization or level of privatization) do not alter results. Their results indicate that institutional quality has a positive impact on economic growth. This interaction term has a positive impact of growth (like institutions per se) whereas the coefficient associated to natural resource abundance is now negative. The other coefficients mostly have the expected signs. They find evidence of economic convergence between countries since initial income has a negative effect on growth. Main results are unchanged, oil exports still have a positive effect on economic growth whereas mining and agricultural exports have a negative one. They also use forest land and agricultural land as a share of total area in order to have a better measure of â€Å"diffuse resources† (since we do not have many plantation crops in transition countries contrary to Latin America or even Africa). They both have a negative effect. They measure natural resources by resource rents as a share of GDP. Their main results do not support the idea that there is a â€Å"curse of natural resources† in transition countries. The authors find a positive and robust impact of natural resources on economic growth and this result holds even for â€Å"point resources† and oil which are generally seen as having a negative effect on economic performances. On the contrary, agriculture and forest (â€Å"diffuse† resources) seem to have detrimental effects on growth. This study shows that natural resources export has a positive impact on growth in Mali. However, the interaction of natural resources export and corruption impact negatively on economic growth in Mali. The policy implication is that, there is need for the country to improve on the management of natural resources revenues by putting in place effective and robust policy measures to lessen and/ or possibly eliminate corruption in the public domain. This study contributes to current literature by providing an econometric understanding of relationships in natural resources endowment and growth for SSA countries. This understanding is important for academics, policy makers and development organizations that are assisting with the growth process of Africa in shaping the future stability of natural resources infrastructure and economic growth in the region. The attempts to provide logical explanations on the above issues constitute major challenges of the current study. Data on natural resources export, corruption index, government effectiveness, human capital, inflation, openness to trade and real gross domestic product were collected from the International Financial Statistics, the World Bank, over the period 1990-2013. How to cite Natural Resources and Economic Growth, Papers

Vehicle Froost Box Essay Research Paper Research free essay sample

Vehicle Froost Box Essay, Research Paper Research Report The system I choose to research is a simple? open-looped system? called the? Vehicle Frost Box? . This system is used to informing motor vehicle operators that likely conditions for icy roads are developing. Black ice can non be seen and is a premier subscriber to vehicle accidents during the winter months. If used, this simple system could really salvage cherished clip, money and physical hurt. For system development, the? Problem Statement? is ; ? Black ice can non be seen on roads, doing safety jeopardies for drivers. ? Next, the? Necessitate Statement? is ; ? We need a manner to find when favourable conditions conditions exist to organize black ice on roads? . Last, the? Requirement Statement? consists of the followers: the system must be cheep, dependable, and additive, with a low thermic mass leting a speedy response to fluctuation in air temperature. There is a system already in usage that is cheep. This system uses a liquid crystal strip attached to the drivers flying mirror. However, this fond regard location is excessively high from the land to decently find route conditions. Additionally, some autos have heated mirrors, which would render this system useless. A silicone semiconducting material junction, in the form of a rectifying tube was chosen to construct the design about. This option filled all the demands listed in the? Requirement Statement? . Optional detector devices were thermal resistors, thermometers, and thermocouples. These options were discarded because of high cost. The basic design of the hoar box follows: # 183 ; Powered by vehicle ignition # 183 ; Uses a distant temperature detector mounted close to the route surface # 183 ; Display is a individual tri-color Light Emitting Diode ( LED ) # 183 ; Mounted on the drivers console # 183 ; Three manners bespeaking fluctuations of external temperature # 183 ; * 4C = steady green visible radiation # 183 ; * 4C = steady ruddy visible radiation # 183 ; * 0C = jumping green A ; ruddy visible radiation The design is based around a type 324 incorporate circuit that contains four op.amp blocks. Each op.amp block is used in a different manner to treat the detector signal. The first, IC1a, creates a changeless current through the detector rectifying tube, D1. IC1b amplifies the rectifying tube electromotive force fluctuations, applies electromotive force of a reasonable magnitude and moves the electromotive force in the right way. The electromotive force end product is straight relative to the temperature readings from the detector. IC1c is a comparator that compares the electromotive force end product of IC1b to the coveted thresholds of 0C and 4C and controls the red/green LED switch over at 4C. IC1d is a secondary comparator, configured as an oscillator, which controls the red/green LED when the readings fall below 0C. The simple design of the hoar box lends itself to building by a? make it yourself? individual. A stuffs list is available along with instructions and the recommended layout for component installing. Additional advice on technique is provided in the instructions to guarantee success. Several trials should be conducted prior to installing and usage. First, utilizing a electromotive force metre, the opposition across the power leads, and between the +5V and 0V lines on the circuit board should be measured to see if there are any trunkss. Then with the metre cheque that IC1a is having a 5V supply across its power pins ( 11 and 4 ) . If things check O.K. , take the power and put in IC1a in its socket. Once all the constituents are installed together, it? s clip to graduate VR1 and execute an incorporate system trial. To imitate conditions conditions below 0C, topographic point some ice from the deep-freeze with some H2O in a hurler. A thermometer is used to formalize the temperature of the chilled H2O used in proving. Once testing conditions are set up, apply power to the circuit. Then dip the rectifying tube in the H2O, being careful to maintain the detector off from the ice. Calibrate VR1 by seting the preset pot until the LED is blinking red/green. After standardization is complete, take the rectifying tube from the chilled H2O. The LED should halt flashing and turn steady ruddy, and so to green. Repeat this procedure to formalize the system is operational. The system is now ready for installing. The first thing to make up ones mind, in the installing procedure, is where to put the three chief constituents of the system. The detector rectifying tube should be placed as low to the land as possible. Two countries are recommended. Behind the front licence home base or in a protected country within a forward wheel good. Next are the LED and the Box. If both are traveling on the splashboard the LED may be mounted on the Box itself. If a separate climb is preferred, so the Box can be mounted under the elan and the LED can be mounted in another little box, or in an fresh vehicle switch location. Once the location is determined for all the constituents. Measurements are taken to find length for the wires that connect the system. Care must be taken to see the wire way is protected from frazzling, caustic conditions and traveling vehicle parts. Now that the Frost Box is installed and operational, the operator will be able to find black ice conditions. The primary application for the Frost Box is installing on motor vehicles. Another application for the Frost Box is installing in green houses, to find when warming should be turned on. I found this system interesting to describe on. Not merely because of its simple design, but because my hubby invariably warns me to be careful during the inclement winter conditions here in Ohio. I hope you found it interesting excessively. Bibliography Dellow, Steve, # 8220 ; mundane Electronics/ETI, January 2000: # 8220 ; Vehicle Frost Box # 8221 ; , Wimborne Publishing Ltd. 1999

Call Of The Wild Essays (1191 words) - The Call Of The Wild

Call Of The Wild The main character of the novel, The Call of the Wild, is a St. Bernard and Scotch Shepherd mix, named Buck. As I read the book, I found out that Buck can be very loyal and trustworthy to his master, if his master is loyal to him. Also, at times I found that Buck could turn into an enraged beast very easily. At home, which was a large house called Judge Millers Place, in the sun kissed Santa Clara Valley in California, Buck ruled over all of the dogs that were there. Buck was Judge Millers inseparable companion, until a man named Manuel, who was one the gardeners helpers, committed a treacherous act. In order to cover his Chinese lottery gambling debts, he stole Buck from his sound sleep and brought him to a flag station called College Park. There, the exchanging of money took place. Buck was loaded onto an express car to Seattle. On his way to Seattle, he found that a man in a red sweater repeatedly beat him. From then on, I knew that Buck would never forget that experience. In that part of the book, I found out that Buck was now an enraged animal and could only be tamed by repeatedly being hit with a club or a whip. At this point of the book, I was thinking about Judge Miller. He wouldve sent out a message or an investigation in order to find Buck. Because Judge Miller had a big house to live in, the book implied that he was wealthy. The trip to Seattle must of taken days and by then, Judge Miller wouldve been worried sick about his inseparable companion. As the story goes on, Bucks first experience of snow left him feeling pretty stupid. When the train got to the station in Seattle, two men named Perrault and Francois bought him. Then, they put him on a ship called the Narwhal. At this point of the book, I was thinking about the cruelty of animals and how the humans treated them. It was cruel, but I guess they didnt care. The Narwhal took Buck to the Yukon where he was trained to be a sled dog. There were other dogs that Buck had grown to know well during his training. In a matter of time, Buck became a great sled dog. Francois and Perrault took the huskies and mix breeds from Dyea Beach to the town of Dawson. There were many conflicts with Buck and Spitz, who was the leader of the dogs. From then on, Bucks motivation was to survive the freezing cold weather of the arctic. Buck was very ambitious to be the leader. In some ways, I find that Buck can be satanic. To become the lead dog of the sled team, he would fight to the bloody death of the lead dog, and that was what he did later on in the book. When I was reading, I noticed something in the writing of Jack London. Francois and Perrault must of came from France or something. Their English was really bad. It took me a while before I could really understand what they were saying. An example of this was when Francois was talking about how there was no other dog like Buck. Nevaire such a dog as dat Buck! he cried. No nevaire! Heem worth one tousan dollair, by Gar! Eh? Wot you say, Perrault? When Spitz was killed, Francois and Perrault didnt even make Buck the leader of the pack. Buck became enraged and pushed himself harder than ever to achieve the roll of being the leader. As days past, Francois and Perrault made the trip to Dawson. By the time they got there, most of the dogs were severely wounded. Some of them had broken legs and some of them were severely sick. The dog that was in best condition was Buck, although he had many wounds and bruises. When Francois and Perrault got to Dawson, Buck was traded to a family who knew absolutely nothing about managing a sled team. This part of the plot didnt seem right. There was a rich family who couldve taken a train to their

The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay

The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essayThe risk management process is the pivotal element of the project lifecycle because the successful implementation of the project and completion of its lifecycle depend on the accuracy and effectiveness of the risk management. In the contemporary business environment, it is virtually impossible to foresee all risks and threats that may affect projects, but the accurate analysis and assessment of existing risks and the elaboration of the risk management plan can help to prevent them or, at least, minimize the major risks, which the project may confront at any stage of its lifecycle (Chari, 2007). The risk management process should develop within the framework of the project lifecycle focusing on specific challenges that emerge at the specific stage of the project lifecycle. On the other hand, the risk management should also elaborate the holistic approach to the project lifecycle, risk assessment and preve ntion. Therefore, the risk management process should focus not only on every stage of the project lifecycle but also assess the project as a whole and elaborate the risk mitigation plan to prevent or, at least, minimize risks and threats the project may confront in the course of its lifecycle and, thus, minimize negative effects of risks and threats that may emerge.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project lifecycle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The project lifecycle consists of four phases, including initiation, planning, implementation and evaluation. Each stage is equally important for the overall success of the project. Therefore risks associated with the implementation of every stage of the project lifecycle are dangerous and may threaten to the successful implementation of the project. The project team should analyze every stage of the project lifecycle to understand, identify and evaluate all possible risks, which the project may confront.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The initiation stage involves the elaboration of goals and essence of the project. As a rule, strategic goals are set and the vision of the project emerges. Risks emerging at this stage can affect the further development and implementation of the project. The initiation stage is the primary stage of the project lifecycle that gives the start to the project. Therefore, the initiation stage determines the trajectory of the development and implementation of the project and, thus, determines the overall success of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The planning stage is pivotal because it lays the foundation to the practical implementation of the project because the project team implements the project on the ground of the project plan. In this regard, researchers (Lucas Baroudi, 2002) recommend developing alternatives to the main project plan. Alternative plans help to choose different ways of the project implementation d epending on risks that affect the project and changes in the course of the implementation of the project both internal and external.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The implementation stage involves the implementation of the plan, which though is not always implemented succinctly because often changes to the plan are necessary to complete the project successfully. In this regard, researchers (Ponzi Koenig, 2002) recommend to accompany the implementation stage with the permanent monitoring and control over the implementation of the project plan to identify flaws of the plan and introduce changes to complete the project successfully and transit to the final stage of the project lifecycle – evaluation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The evaluation stage is the last but not the least stage of the project lifecycle. The accuracy of the evaluation of the project determines the effectiveness of lessons learned by the project team from the project. Moreover, the adequate evaluation of the project helps organisations to take a decision on the further maintenance or completion of the project as well as to assess the overall effectiveness of the project and its impact on the organisational performance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk analysis and assessment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The identification of the risk is the first and major step to the effective risk management and risk mitigation to prevent its negative impact on the project lifecycle. The identification of risks involves the analysis of each stage of the lifecycle of the project, identification of key stakeholders and analysis of possible risks that may emerge along with the preliminary assessment of possible effects, if those risks do occur.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers (Finley, 2007) distinguish the following potential risks, which the project lifecycle may face, including: technical, costs, schedule, client, co ntractual, natural, financial, political, environmental, people. At the same time, the project team should be aware of the fact that each project is, to a certain extent, unique and, therefore, risks may vary depending on the project. The list of potential risks may be shorter or longer but the point is to identify risks succinctly and allocate resources properly. The proper allocation of resources means that the project team identifies risks and determines their probability and allocates resources required for the mitigation of those risks and elimination of their negative effects. Resources required for the risk management may vary but, as a rule, they include human resources, financial resources, equipment and other resources that may be required to manage risks effectively. In such a way, the risk assessment and analysis involve the identification of key risks and the probability of their occurrence.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, risks analysis and ass essment involves the study of the impact of specific risks on the project lifecycle, which may vary from low to high impact.   The project team should forecast the possible impact of every particular risk that may emerge in the course of the project. The analysis of the impact of specific risks helps the project team to allocate required resources and develop possible alternatives to mitigate risks and minimize their negative effects on the project. Risks may vary in terms of their impact on the project from low to high but the probability of their occurrence varies too.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, it is possible to roughly group risks into four main categories: risks that have the low impact and are unlikely to occur; risks that have the low impact but are likely to occur; risks that have the high impact but are not likely to occur; and risks that have the high impact and are likely to occur (Schein, 2009). The latter are the most dangerous risks, which the project management team should come prepared to and be ready to confront at any stage of the project lifecycle. Nevertheless, the project team should not underestimate minor risks too. In fact, low risks may have a considerable impact on the project lifecycle, if they remain unaddressed by the project team. Such risks will steadily undermine the implementation of the project that may lead to its failure. In addition, different risks may have a different impact on different stages of the project lifecycle (Seitanidi, 2008). For example, risks that may emerge at the planning stage may cause the failure of the project at the implementation stage, if they remain unaddressed at the planning stage. Similarly, risks that emerge at the initiation stage may lead to the failure of the project at the planning stage. In such a way, risks should not only be identified, analyzed and assessed properly, but also the project team should respond immediately to any risk that is identified in the course of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk mitigation to the project lifecycle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers (Peters, 2002) distinguish different risk mitigation strategies that help to identify risks and respond to them effectively. At the same time, risk mitigation strategies include: risk avoidance, risk sharing, risk reduction, and risk transfer (Wisner, et al., 2004). Each strategy is applied depending on the nature of the risk and its impact on the project lifecycle or particular stage of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk avoidance implies the careful risk management strategy, when the project team attempts to minimize all the risks by elaborating the most secure project management strategy. However, even though this strategy seems to be very efficient because it leads to the avoidance of risks, but, in actuality, such strategy makes the implementation of the project extr emely challenging. Researchers (Royse, Thyer, Padgett, Logan, 2006) insist that the risk avoidance may lead to the refusal of the project team from daring and potentially highly beneficial projects because of certain risks associated with their implementation and the focus on mediocre projects that are safer, but also they are less profitable compared to more daring ones.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk sharing is quite challenging strategy because it admits the occurrence of certain risks but the team management does not try to avoid it but confronts those risks and shares the responsibility and mitigation of risks between different stakeholders or project team members. For example, a project may involve the risk of increase of its costs that will raise the burden of additional funding of the project. While using the risk sharing strategy, the project management team members can invest equal shares to cover extra expenses required for the successful accomplish ment of the project.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk reduction is an efficient strategy, which involves the reduction of risks by means of the preparedness of the project team for their emergence (Schmitt Simonson, 2007). As the project team comes prepared to risks, the team can allocate resources and develop effective strategy to reduce the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle. As a result, the risk reduction strategy helps to reduce negative effects of risks on the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the risk transfer strategy, this strategy is also quite effective because it involves the transfer of risks from the most vulnerable stakeholder or part of the project to the least one (Viardot, 2011). For example, a company working on the construction project can use the subcontractor, who is more experienced and prepared to the risk mitigation, to complete certain stage of the construction. As a result, if the risk occurs, the subcontractor will deal with the risk management. Such risk transfer is effective because the subcontractor will be more efficient in the risk management compared to the company working on the construction project due to more extensive experience and better preparedness to such risks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk mitigation should remain intact during the entire project lifecycle. In such a way, the project management team will always come prepared to risks and prevent them from occurrence or manage them effectively, if they occur. The risk mitigation should also focus on the project lifecycle as the whole to tackle risks that may be not identified at specific stages of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contingency planContingency plan can secure risks and prevent the overall failure of the project lifecycle. The project plan should always involve alternatives or, at least one alternative, which can come into acti on, when either risk starts undermining the project and threatening to the project lifecycle. In addition, project managers should also plan contingency funds, which are funds set aside and used, in case of risks start interfering into the implementation of the project and affecting negatively the project lifecycle. The contingency plan contributes to the overall helps to back-up the risk management initial plan and minimize the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle.Correlation between the project lifecycle and risk management processEach stage of the lifecycle should have all possible risks to be identified and measured in terms of their impact on the particular stage of the project lifecycle. Second, the risk mitigation plan for each stage of the project lifecycle should be elaborated and implemented respectively to the implementation of the project and progress of its lifecycle. Third, the contingency plan should be developed for each stage of the project lifecycle to ensure that the project management team will come prepared to confront risks and introduce reserves and extra funding and other resources to deal with risks, if the prepared risk mitigation plan fails. Finally, the project management team should elaborate the general risk mitigation plan along with the contingency plan that will help to plan the risk management for the entire project lifecycle.ConclusionThus, the project plan should be a flexible plan to maintain the project lifecycle successfully and mitigate risks emerging in the course of the implementation of the project at any stage of its lifecycle. The identification, assessment and analysis of risks help the project team to elaborate the risk mitigation plan. The risk mitigation plan, in its turn, helps to decrease the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle and facilitates the successful accomplishment of the project. In addition, the risk management process should also include the contingency plan that will help the project team to accumulate resources and develop alternative plans to deal with emerging risks.

The Truman Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Truman Doctrine - Essay Example Truman argued that if the countries received no support at that time of the urgent need brought about by war, grave consequences would emerge. Many authors have written vastly about the Truman Doctrine as discussed in this essay. According to Lykogiannis (104), Truman believed that the war was a threat not only to international peace but also to the national security of the United States. President Truman asked the United States Congress to provide economic and military support to democratic nations facing war, hence the Truman doctrine. The Truman doctrine changed the United States foreign policy effectively. Historians considered the doctrine as the genesis of the cold war (Freeland 77). The Greek Communist war got support from the Soviet Union who posed as a threat to the Greek policy makers. The United States, through the request of President Truman, provided close to half a billion dollars financial aid to both Greek and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine developed to the United States policy of supporting free people who get subjected to armed minor groups of people or by external pressures. According to President Truman, the doctrine was for the best interest of the United States at large. The doctrine had a strategic goal despite supporting the majority rights (Spalding 55). Economically, Greece lacks sufficient natural resources, thus making it a poor country compared to other developed countries. The country has suffered four years of cruel invasion making economic and social development difficult. Politically, the country had suffered immense destruction from German liberation, and inflation rates remained high. These tragic conditions forced the emergence of a militant minority giving rise to political chaos. This has made Greece’s economic recovery slow and difficult as the country struggles to reconstruct. The financial aid given by United States helped boost the country economic status but was not enough to

Description of My House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Description of My House - Essay Example As soon as my friend pressed the grapes which were ripe in nature, the grapes crushed and the juice from the grapes started flowing into her hands and from her hands, the juice started spilling on her wrist until she removed her hands and shook them hard to drop off the juices from the grapes. The ripe grapes are quite thick in juice and have a taste which combines both sweetness and a slightly sour savor.In Japan, the color â€Å"purple† is connected to wealth and a person with a lot of money. These were the remarks made by my friends when they saw the purple grapes that simply looked so rich that the backyard seemed like it was one of a very rich individual. The purple grapes made us feel as fresh and pure as if we had just woken up from our sleep. The smell of the purple grapes was similar to the smell of the jam bottle that I open every day simply to spread on my bread and eat it. The purple color even made us feel as if we were at a party where purple lights moved around the dance floor making the crowd go crazy and dance all night. Simply the sight of purple made us remember our school days when we used to fight for the purple color crayons because every single little kid in the class wanted to grab color purple and start using it. This extended our talk about our school days and the fun we used to have as kids. The mix of the purple and the red grapes took our memories to the recent wedding event that we all attended together at a friend’s place.   The purple color even made us feel as if we were at a party where purple lights moved around the dance floor making the crowd go crazy and dance all night. Simply the sight of purple made us remember our school days when we used to fight for the purple color crayons because every single little kid in the class wanted to grab color purple and start using it. This extended our talk about our school days and the fun we used to have as kids. The mix of the purple and the red grapes took our memories to the recent wedding event that we all attended together at a friend’s place. My friends started with a mix of white and purple colored curtains that were used to decorate the entire arena. The whitewash of my backyard along with the purple color grapes gave us the feeling as if we were at one of the tables of the wedding we attended (Fruit and Vegetables 6).

Assessment Of The Iranian Contra Affair Politics Essay

Assessment Of The Iranian Contra Affair Politics Essay The Iran-Contra affair was a controversial political scandal that dealt with senior US figures who had been facilitating the sale of arms to Iran, that was under an arms embargo, to secure the release of the hostages and to fund the Nicaraguan anticommunist rebel contras. While these two scandals were unconnected the contras would not have been able to be funded without the cash flow that the Iranian weapons money created. The operation began as a way to improve U.S. -Iranian relations during a time of extreme turmoil between the countries. The plan was to ship weapons to Israel who would in turn give them to a relatively moderate politically influential group of Iranians. Israel would in turn be resupplied and receive a payment from them. In return for the arms the Iranian recipients had promised to do everything in their power to have the 6 U.S. hostages, who were being held captive by the Lebanese Shia Islamist group Hezbollah. The plan eventually was broken down to a direct arms- for-hostages scheme that came to light in November of 1986 during the Reagan-Bush administration. Although November of 1986 is when the scandal came to light the origins came about seven years earlier in November of 1979 when nearly 500 Iranian students took over the American embassy taking 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. This was important because it was an earmark of one of the first major conflicts with the country of Iran. (Historycommons.org) Then in early 1980 the Israeli government proposed a deal to secretly sell arms to Iran as a means to gain diplomatic ground and a way to get the 52 hostages released, however President Carter angrily declines. The Israeli government then went on with the plan by themselves secretly supplying weapons to Iran shortly after. With the change in presidency from Carter to Reagan the US geared up to begin the shipment of arms to Iran through Israel. This however was illegal due to the Arms export act, which requires written permission from the U.S. for a nation, in this case Israel to transfer U.S. made arms to a third party. (Jonathanpoll ard.org) In a popular conspiracy theory, the October Surprise is said that Ronald Reagan conspired with the Islamic Republic of Iran to beat Jimmy Carter in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. The deal was apparently to have the Khomeini government keep the U.S. hostages at the U.S. embassy in Tehran until after the election, damaging Carters candidacy, afterwards Reagan would reward them with armaments. (danielpipes.org) This theory gained little notoriety due to it being relatively unbelievable until the Iran-Contra scandal came to light in 1986. After the commanding victory over President Jimmy Carter Reagan is sworn in to office and all 52 hostages are released ending the 444 days of captivity. (Danielpipes.org) The new Administration publicly maintained a hard line against Iran, a nation with little popularity due to the hostage taking and the murder of the CIA station Chief. Reagans Secretary of State, Alexander Haig, was quoted saying, Let me state categorically today there will be no military equipment provided to the government of Iran. However within weeks of this statement senior officials in the administration began putting together a continuing package of secret arms sales to Iran. (jonathanpollard.org) In 1982 Vice President George H. W. Bush asked CIA Agent and national Security Council Official Donald Gregg to serve as his national security adviser and foreign policy adviser who agreed and retired from the CIA. The two worked closely with CIA agent Felix Rodriguez, who was known for the interrogation and eventual execution of revolutionary Che Guevara, to help put together a covert operation to supply the Nicaraguan Contras with money, supplies, and weapons. Rodriguez and North later strike up a deal to divert funds and weapons to the Contras. Rodriguezs job was to set up the servicing of CIA transport planes at the Air Base. Later that year in December the first Boland Amendment restricted government support for Contras; the bill restricted US humanitarian aid to the Contras, and prohibited the use of U.S. funds for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Nicaragua. However the administration managed to get around the first of the three Boland Amendments by saying their he lp was only designed to force the group in charge, the Sandinistas to come to a peace agreement with the anticommunist Contras, and not to entirely bring the Nicaraguan government down. (spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk) March 17, 1983 the three had a secret meeting in the White House, which resulted in the National Security Council establishing a secret scheme to provide aid to the Contras. Rodriguez was placed in charge of the supply depot and placed at Llopango Air Base in El Salvador. In October of 1985 Congress modified the Boland Amendment by approving to send $27 million in non-lethal aid. (historycommons.org) As a result of this Reagan creates the Nicaraguan Humanitarian Assistance Office, or the NHAO in the State Department for the purpose of administering the money to the Contras. In the first of the NHAO organizations meetings Oliver North offered the services of Rodriguez to assist in distributing the $27 million in humanitarian aid meant for the Contras. Through the Air Base i n Llopango the legal NHAO and the illegal North fund distribution merge into one secret group. In 1984 Reagan publicly claimed to end aid to the Contras in accordance with the Boland Amendments. However men in his administration continue to support them. Late in 1985 Assistant Secretary of State Elliott Abrams joined the National Security Council and then joined Oliver North and Alan Fliers as the principal members of the Restricted Interagency Group (RIG), which worked on Central American Affairs for the Reagan Administration. Abrams, a large supporter of the anticommunists in Nicaragua became aware of Norths plans to divert Congresss approved 27 million dollars directly to the Contras despite being prohibited to do so. In effect Abrams became directly involved with in the illegal procedures to help the Nicaraguan rebel forces. Unaware of the illegal weapons exchange Congress approved another 100 million dollars for military and non-arms aid to the Contras. (Historycommons.org) In the month of August in 1983 the conservative talk show host Barbara Studley established GeoMiliTech (GMT) Consultants Corporation. After the start of the company a large number of right-wing, high ranking American and Israeli military officials became associated with the company, which had offices in both Washington D.C. and Tel Aviv. The Company began selling arms to Iran through Israel and North Korea. According to several authorities the motives for Israel are clear, which were to have the Iran-Iraq war go on as long as possible and to be as destructive as physically possible, however the motive for the U.S. is much less clear. Many believe that the founding of GMT was the beginning of the arms dealing to Iran by the U.S.. Later in the year the American government started Operation Staunch which asked other countries not to sell arms to Iran in hopes that it would bring peace talks in the Iran-Iraq war. In January of 1984 Iran was officially named a state sponsor of internation al terrorism, because of the large number of militant actions Hezbollah had been committing throughout the Middle East and Europe, a label that has not been lifted to date. In early March 1984 CIA Station Chief in Beirut, William Buckley, was kidnapped by the Muslim organization Islamic Jihad. Buckley would die in 1985 after 15 months of captivity. Buckleys kidnapping along with at least five others was a cited reason for the arms dealing to Iran, which spurred such controversy. (Historycommons.org) On May 8, 1984 the American reverend Benjamin Weir became the first in a string of kidnappings by Hezbollah in Beirut. He was held captive until September 1985, allegedly only being released due to the Israeli arms sales to Iran during the same year. In August of 1984 the National Security Advisor McFarlane asks the United States government to reconsider Iran as a sponsor for terrorism, but is denied. In December Peter Kilburn, a professor at the American University of Beirut became the second victim of kidnapping by Hezbollah militants, later to be murdered in 1986 for the US military strikes against Libya. In January of 1985 the second American pastor, Fri ar Lawrence Jenco, was kidnapped by the Hezbollah and would not be freed until July of 1986. The militant group Hezbollah kidnapped three more men in 1985, including reporter Terry Anderson, hospital administrator David Jacobsen, and an employee of Beiruts American University Thomas Sutherland, all of the men would eventually be released. Anderson was held hostage for seven years, which was considerably longer than any other American captive, and was released in 1991 due to the end of the civil war in Lebanon. (Nytimes.com) On June 11, 1985 the pro-Iran and pro-Iraq factions inside the White House met a boiling point when Robert McFarlanes National Security Council staff drafts the presidential directive supporting America helping Iran obtain weapons, whereas the opposing side headed by Secretary of State George Shultz and Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger remarked that the directive was almost too absurd to comment onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ However the arms-for-hostage deal went on as planned even with the strong objections by Shultz and Weinberger. After the Iranian sponsored Hezbollah kidnapped two more Americans, Reagan makes the statement that Iran is in a confederation of terrorist statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a new, international version of Murder Incorporated. And also went on record as saying, America will never make concessions to terrorists. Although privately authorizing his National Security Advisor, McFarlane, to make contact with Iran. McFarlanes plan was to win influence in Iran by helping it win in its war with Iraq. Reagan believed that the improvement in relations would help in the release of American hostages held in Lebanon by the Iran backed Hezbollah. (Nytimes.com) In July of 1985 Israeli representatives met with Iranian arms merchant Manucher Ghorbanifar for the first time to discuss brokering the United States-Iranian arms deal authorized by President Reagan, during this meeting the plan to have Israel sell arms to Iran while having America replenish Israeli stockpiles on weapons. (pbs.org) On August 6, 1985 Reagan hosted a meeting in the White House having to do with the arms-for-hostage deal with Iran, and is allegedly told by McFarlane that the Iranians will see to it that the Hezbollah in return for U.S. and Israeli arms will release four American hostages. Later that year in August Israel sent 96 TOW anti-tank missiles to Iran, however no hostages were released. In September, the now ex-National Security Advisor McFarlane takes twenty-three tons of weapons to Iran . (pbs.org) In September America had its first success in the arms-for-hostages arrangement, where Israel sold 500 U.S.-made TOW anti-tank missiles to Iran. As a result of the sale Iran released American hostage Benjamin Weir after over a year of captivity. In November of 1985 the CIA sent 18 Hawk anti-aircraft missiles on a CIA fronted plane to Iran by way of Israel only to have the Iranians reject the missiles because they did not meet their requirements after test firing. After the transfer of weapons the deputy director of the CIA, John McMahon, reportedly said that the agency could no longer provide covert assistance to Iran without written permission by president Reagan himself. Not even a month later Reagan agrees and authorizes the sale of missiles from that point on as well as retroactively. However that document was destroyed nearly a year later. (Nytimes.com) A day after the president signed the arms-for-hostages deal the pro-Iraq defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger warne d Reagan that There was no way in which this kind of transfer could be made if that particular act governed. However the president felt that the American public could not forgive him if he were not able to save the American hostages lives due to legality. (Jonathanpollard.org) Oliver North, the National Security Council, or NSC staffer who handled the Iran-Contra dealings told the Israeli Defense Ministry officials that he would use the profits from any future arms sales to Iran to directly fund the anti-communist freedom fighters Contras. In early 1986 North set up a network that illegally diverted funds from the Iranian arms sale to the Nicaraguan Contras by using the Bank of Credit and Commerce International, or the BCCI to channel the money to the Contras. The arms money from Iran was sent from the White House controlled account to Saudi Arabia to hide the origins and then deposited into the BCCI bank account controlled by the Nicaraguan rebel leader Adolfo Calero. In January of 1986 several White House officials met including Vice President George H. W. Bush, President Ronald Reagan, Secretary of State George Shultz, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, and CIA Director William Casey to discuss whether or not the U.S. should continue on with the ar ms-for-hostages dealings with Iran. Weinberger and Shultz are as they have been from the very beginning against any and all dealings with the terrorist state of Iran. Bush did not express an opinion either way, however later that month President Reagan will sign the authorization needed for the U.S. to allow Israel to sell 4,000 U.S.-made antitank missiles. According to several White House officials both the President and Vice president believed, that supporting Iran thwarts Soviet plans for Middle East domination, and by his own personal sorrow over the plight of the hostages. With the 1986 elections coming up however there were plenty of political reasons to continue with the arms dealings in hope that the hostages would be released before the November elections. Many of the chief facilitators admitted to the political concerns, saying that they had to meet a deadline on releasing the hostages. The U.S. actually tried to make an ultimatum saying that all hostages would have to be released in order to receive the antitank missiles, however Iran refused which caused a deadlock, which lasted for nearly a month. (Jonathanpollard.org) When the deadlock ended in late February the U.S. sent between 1500-2000 TOW antitank missiles to Israel who in turn sent them to Iran. At this time Oliver North diverted $12 million in money from the arms sale in Iran to the Nicaraguan Contra leader by way of the BCCI. At this time Gene Wheaton, a co-owner to a cargo airline, National Air, was being enlisted by North to help fly in supplies and arms to the Contras. Wheaton tentatively agreed until he became informed that the retired General Richard Secord would be involved in the affair. Wheaton had a personal dispute with Secord over a government contract dealing with humanitarian aid to insurgents such as Mujaheddin of Afghanistan and the Nicaraguan Contras. With Secord in the picture Wheaton refused to go along with the plan and actually went to William Casey, head of the CIA. H owever, Casey does little to nothing over the issue saying that it was not of government concern. Wheaton then notified several reporters of the San Francisco Examiner of the dealings. In mid-September of 1986 the U.S. was planning on forcing Iran to trade hostages for arms. The plan seemed to work until the Lebanese militant Hezbollah group controlled by Iran simply kidnapped more Americans after the release of other hostages. In October the U.S. puts pressure on Iraq to increase bombings in Iran to create a greater need of military assistance by America. This plan began to work when Iraq in fact increased the bombings but the arms-for-hostages dealing was exposed in a Lebanese newspaper as well as some U.S. papers. With the public aware of the potentially criminal acts committed by the Reagan administration support for any more weapons dealings collapses. After the information was leaked most of the pro-Iranian faction inside the White House left office leaving a large pro-Iraqi side which would remain in power until Reagans term was over. In the last months of the administration U.S. military and economic aid for Iraq met an all-time high even giving Iraq the te chnology for long-range ballistic missile, chemical weapons, and even nuclear weapons. (Jonathanpollard.org) On October 5, 1986 a CIA transport plane carrying weapons and supplies for the Contras was shot down by the Sandinista, which brought the U.S. connection to the Contras to light. The Nicaraguan Sandinistas exposed the United States after interrogating the sole survivor of the plane crash, Eugene Hasenfus, who said that he had made ten other deliveries to Nicaragua including six from Llopango. (Nytimes.com) All government officials at that time lied about any involvement in the illegal support of the Contras. Both the story of the arms-for-hostages deal in the Lebanese paper and the CIA transport plane being shot down exposed the dirty dealings the Reagan administration had been committing beginning the Iran-Contra scandal. In Reagans address to the nation speech he denied the allegations of any arms sales to Iran, however he does admit to honorable involvement, such as to renew relations with that nation, to bring an end to the Iran-Iraq war, to eliminate Irans sponsorship of terrorism, and to effect the release of the US hostages being imprisoned by Hezbollah. (reagan.utexas.edu) Later when the facts came to light Reagan and several other senior officials stated that all of the Iranian negotiations were on a strict need to know basis, and that the appropriate Congressmen were notified and informed properly. (reagan.utexas.edu) However an investigation was done on the dealings but a large amount of information was destroyed, and many stated that Attorney General Edwin Meese, who was in c harge of the investigation, was not interested in finding the facts since he refused help from the FBI and did not take notes in his interviews. Oliver North, whom many believe as the mastermind of the operation held several shredding parties at that time to destroy thousands of documents that would likely implicate White House officials in criminal acts. The Iran-Contra investigation later faulted Meese for not using standard investigating techniques. However Meese finds a document that verifies the $12 million that was diverted from the arms dealings in Iran to the Contras in Oliver Norths desk. Meese notified Reagan about the diversion of funds, and tells several senior officials about the acts. Reagan realized that he could actually be impeached on the grounds that they broke the Boland Amendment, but Meese allegedly created a case for deniability for the president. In late November Meese revealed the Iran-Contra funding connection, Oliver North is immediately fired, while other officials are forced to resign. In December Reagan appointed former Texas Senator John Tower to head a commission to investigate the Iran-Contra affair. The investigation lasted for three months. In January of 1987 Reagan admitted to authorizing the sale of missiles to Iran in front of the Tower Commission. A day before the head of the CIA, William Casey, is set to testify before the Senate on the affair he has two seizures and is hospitalized, later dying of brain cancer making him unable to testify. The Tower Commission found that the Iran-Contra affair was a rogue operation and that Reagan himself was largely unaware of the dealings. The majority report cam out in November of 1987 stating that the clandestine financing operation undermined the powers of Congress as a coequal branch and subverted the Constitution. Although no major reforms would come as a result of the majority report. Four men were indicted on multiple felony charges as a result of it including: former National Security Advisor John Poindexter, Oliver North, Richard Secord, and Albert Hakim. North and Poindexter are both convicted and sentenced to jail time, however both convictions are overturned. In the end no high-ranking public official was found guilty of anything more than perjuring themselves in front of Congress, however the Iran-Contra scandal tarnished the reputation of many. This scandal seems to disprove that justice is indeed blind in this country, since many high ranking officials with even more powerful allies were guilty of committing serious crimes but were never punished because of who they knew. I feel that this is an incident that should be remembered for many years, and hopefully it will never be repeated.

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine| Using the GC-MS| Jennifer Greene| ————————————————- 4 May 2012 ————————————————- 4 May 2012 Introduction: In this experiment gas chromatography is applied to separate the water-ethanol mixture. This method is often used in the determination of alcohol in blood or urine. One obvious application is when law enforcement agencies need to determine whether or not someone is inebriated. In these cases, high sensitivity is required since 0. 1% blood alcohol content is considered to be legally intoxicated in most states.Our own determination will deal with higher concentrations (up to 25% by volume) which are more typical of alcohol levels found in many alcoholic beverages. Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the co mponents to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of the phases constituting a stationary bed of large surface area, the other being a fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and widely used tool for the separation, identification and quantitation of components in a mixture.In this technique, a sample is converted to the vapor state and a flowing stream of carrier gas (often helium or nitrogen) sweeps the sample into a thermally-controlled column. In the case of gas-liquid chromatography, the column is usually packed with solid particles that are coated with a non-volatile liquid, referred to as the stationary phase. As the sample mixture moves through the column, sample components that interact strongly with the stationary phase spend more time in the stationary phase vs. the moving gas phase and thus require more time to move through the column.The goal of GC is to separate and detect components of a mixture as efficiently as possible and it is thus desirable to have a measure of the efficiency of a given chromatographic column. One common way to express column efficiency is by calculating the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) which is the length of the column divided by the number of theoretical plates. HETP = l/n The number of theoretical plates (n) of a column with respect to a particular compound can be found using the following equation: N = 16(tr/w)2 = 5. 55(tr/w1/2)2Where w is the peak width measured in the same units as tr and w1/2 is the peak width measured at half of the peak height. Materials: GC-MS with database| Vials with lids| Cherry moonshine| Disposable pipettes| Ethanol 100%| | Procedure: 1. Set up procedure to: Set â€Å"Detector A† On (Thermal Conductivity Detector) Packed Column Head Pressure: 30 psi Column: Carbowax 20M, 1/8†³ OD, length = 6 feet Oven Temperature: 110 °C Detector Temperature: 150 °C Injection Temperature: 150 °C 2. Wit h the disposable pipette fill separate vials with the cherry moonshine and pure ethanol. . Run the procedure then define the ethanol peak with three additional peaks. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. Data: The blue arrows are pointing to the ethanol peak. The blue arrows are pointing to the ethanol peak. Conclusion: Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of the phases constituting a stationary bed of large surface area, the other being a fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed.Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and widely used tool for the separation, identification and quantitation of components in a mixture. In this technique, a sample is converted to the vapor state and a flowing stream of carrier gas (often helium or nitrogen) sweeps the sample into a thermally-controlled column. In the case of gas-liquid c hromatography, the column is usually packed with solid particles that are coated with a non-volatile liquid, referred to as the stationary phase.As the sample mixture moves through the column, sample components that interact strongly with the stationary phase spend more time in the stationary phase vs. the moving gas phase and thus require more time to move through the column. This experiment demonstrated how the analysis of an unknown substance can be determined from the separate peaks. If you select an individual peak on the chromatograph, the database will bring up possible matches of the compound.You would need to look at the mass spectrograph of that peak to see if it matches the compound of interest. If it does, then you have confirmed one compound that is present in the substance. If it is not a match, continue to search the database until you confirm the peak’s identity. From this experiment, the peak for ethanol was not determined using the mass spectrograph of the g as chromatography; however, we ran pure ethanol on the GC-MS and compared the two chromatographs to determine the ethanol peak.

Brainstorming draft

American wedding normally takes place in a church, where all guests gather. â€Å"Here comes the best man, flower girls, exchanging vows and rings, and the wedding music. The wedding ceremony is conducted by the priest. He formally asks the invitees whether they have any objection for this marriage and getting the positive response from the invitees, the priest asks the couple to exchange wedding rings and then the couple is marked as husband and wife†. Furthermore, the priest and guests congratulate, embrace and kiss the just married.On the other hand, modern Americans often wish to arrange an unforgettable wedding and invite the priest to a location of their choice, some of them even insist on underwater wedding. Nevertheless, the vast majority of Americans the traditional style and arrangement in the place of worship. Indian wedding, conversely to American, usually takes place outdoors, under a canopy called a mandap. The couple sits on carpets under the mandap, and the par ties, invited by the couple, locate around this place. In addition, the priest, as opposed to American wedding asks neither the guest’s ‘blessing’ nor the bride’s and bridegroom’s consent.After being declared the couple as husband and wife, the couple exchange their rings and receive congratulations, moreover, their parents wash their feet in the special water with flower petals . Then, the man and the woman begin to invoke deities like Svaha, who is known as a marital happiness-giver and the priest announces the traditional long list of wishes, which include abundance, successful reproduction, friendship, harmony and happiness. The ideological background of American wedding refers rather to the Christian doctrine than to American culture.Due to the fact that the Bible obliges individuals to create families, the institute of marriage in viewed as sacred and blessed by God. Family in Christian religion is viewed as a self-sufficient entity, where, ho wever procreation must take place; this reminder is usually provided in the priest’s congratulations, addressed to the just married. On the contrary, the settings of Indian wedding ceremony suggest that family is first and foremost a natural phenomenon, that’s why the bride’s and bridegroom’s compliances are even not questioned, – the deities (supernatural forces) have selected them as a prospective family.On the other hand, the two cultural traditions share common view on the meaning of the wedding ring as a symbol of unity and infinity of marital happiness. In America, the bride is supposed to wear a white dress and a veil, which should point to the fact that the broom hasn’t seen the brie before the wedding, so if he doesn’t like her, he will have an opportunity to refuse. The broom, in turn, is required to wear a black suit, alleged as his ‘Sunday best’.As opposed to American wedding, in Indian ceremony, the bride and broom are expected to wear bright and rich colors – the woman should wear a red sari, draped around her head in order to underline her modesty. The man should have a kafni (long shirt, which reaches his knees) and pijamo (leggings) on. In addition, the groom is encouraged to wear a turban. In addition, the bride should put the national Indian decoration, known as mehndi, on her hands and feet . The only common aspect of both styles is the obligation to wear beautiful holiday clothes, which should not be put on again.As for the roles, the major roles in both Indian and American weddings are played by the bride, broom and the priest. Similarly, important roles are attributed to the man’s and woman’s parents and the groom’s best friend or brother (best man), who should accompany him in both traditions. Furthermore, in both cultures, the number of guests determines the happiness of marital life thus, both American and Indian couples seek to invite all relati ves from the bride’s and broom’s lines.In both Indian and American weddings flowers play central role, in terms of the scope of attributes employed. Indian couples are sprinkled with light flowers, as the plants are viewed as positive symbols, bringing about luck and harmony. American bride should have a bouquet in her hands and throw it behind her back once she participates in the ring exchange. However, in Indian weddings, money is valued, so the spot where the ceremony takes place is covered with coins.

The Call Centre and Tengo Ltd. Essay - 2957 Words

TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 POOR CUSTOMER QUALITY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 03 HIGH LABOR TURNOVER IN THE CALL CENTRE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 04 REMEDY â€Å"TURNOVER†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 05 IS TURNOVER LIKELY TO BE UNIVERSALLY DYSFUNCTIONAL?... 06 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 07 RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 08 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 INTRODUCTION: The main objective that focus on this report is to analysis the â€Å"employee perspective issues† that are mainly concerning and involving the employees who are contribute to the poor services quality of the Tengo Ltd. The report is mainly focusing some key areas that are including some key suggestions and it may be overcome the direct and indirect†¦show more content†¦For the reason of restructuring employees are always stressful and their service quality fall down. The restructuring process mainly detached the job rotation which is the key area to develop the employee ability and get equal advantages of service quality as well as job satisfaction. Frenkel et al. (1999) describe that, the great job satisfaction is being connected by the end appearance of the work. This categorization can be useful where complaint management, for illustration, is expected to stick to the previous, even as the technical help is being possible to be related with concluding. In addition the beginning of differentiation and the task spelization between units can also be talk about comparative to low satisfaction, required multiplicity and boredom as achievable â€Å"push† factors. The additional issue apprehensions terms and conditions of worker at Tengo and it seems that better Tengo and call centre’s (other than pay) existing at other close by call centers. The restructuring and content of morale is too likely to be important. Tengo’s payment method is higher than others call centre. However the work environment is not friendly that’s why employees are discouraged and dissatisfied with their job. The less favorable facilitates includes work longer shift comparing nearby call center’s employees, employees are received few holidays and very few opportunity for training and development. Only payment is not the key criteria to